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  • The treatment of intractable plantar fasciitis with platelet-rich plasma injection

    Abstract

    BACKGROUND: Whilst most cases of plantar fasciitis can be settled with existing conservative treatment, a few intractable cases can be difficult to resolve. New biologic treatments have been proposed for a variety of soft tissue problems.

    OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effectiveness of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in chronic cases of plantar fasciitis.

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  • Platelet Rich Plasma Practical Use in Non-Surgical Musculoskeletal Pathology

    Abstract

    Platelet Rich Plasma is a new emerging treatment modality with fantastic potential to heal both in the surgical and non surgical arenas. This chapter focuses on the Non- surgical applications of Platelet Rich Plasma, primarily in the clinic setting. We have reviewed the current status of PRP preparation, PRP sub types and clinical utilization. It is our intent that this chapter will serve as a guide to those interested in Conservative utilization of PRP in musculoskeletal Medicine.

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  • Platelet Rich Plasma and Its Growth Factors: The State of the Art

    Abstract

    This study aims to offer a general idea of the current progress and discussions about the aspects of technical preparation and biological foundation of PRP for clinical application. We seek to gather the best therapeutic indications that have a scientific foundation on the use of this new tool of Regenerative Medicine. The articles of this study were acquired from the leading data bases of medical literature.

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  • A novel hypothesis: the application of platelet-rich plasma can promote the clinical healing of white-white meniscal tears

    Abstract

    The white-white tears (meniscus lesion completely in the avascular zone) are without blood supply and theoretically cannot heal. Basal research has demonstrated that menisci are unquestionably important in load bearing, load redistribution, shock absorption, joint lubrication and the stabilization of the knee joint. It has been proven that partial or all-meniscusectomy results in an accelerated degeneration of cartilage and an increased rate of early osteoarthritis. Knee surgeons must face the difficult decision of removing or, if possible, retaining the meniscus; if it is possible to retain the meniscus, surgeons must address the difficulties of meniscal healing. Some preliminary approaches have progressed to improve meniscal healing. However, the problem of promoting meniscal healing in the avascular area has not yet been resolved. The demanding nature of the approach as well as its low utility and efficacy has impeded the progress of these enhancement techniques. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a platelet concentration derived from autologous blood. In recent years, PRP has been used widely in preclinical and clinical applications for bone regeneration and wound healing. Therefore, we hypothesize that the application of platelet-rich plasma for white-white meniscal tears will be a simple and novel technique of high utility in knee surgery.

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  • Prolotherapy case

    Regenerative injection therapy with whole bone marrow aspirate for degenerative joint disease: a case series. Hauser RA, et al. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord. 2013

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  • A metaanalysis of the effectiveness and safety of ozone treatments for herniated lumbar discs

    Abstract

    PURPOSE: To determine statistically significant effects of oxygen/ozone treatment of herniated discs with respect to pain, function, and complication rate.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Random-effects metaanalyses were used to estimate outcomes for oxygen/ozone treatment of herniated discs. A literature search provided relevant studies that were weighted by a study quality score. Separate metaanalyses were performed for visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and modified MacNab outcome scales, as well as for complication rate. Institutional review board approval was not required for this retrospective analysis.

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  • Autologous bone marrow concentrate: review and application of a novel intra-articular orthobiologic for cartilage disease

    Abstract

    Younger adults, aged < 65 years, increasingly present to their physicians with advanced cartilage disease or post-traumatic osteoarthritis. A number of treatments exist for lessening patient pain and improving patient function. However, many patients are becoming aware of the potential of regenerative therapies and are now seeking solutions to the impaired biology underlying their conditions rather than addressing only their symptoms. Patients do not want to merely lessen their symptoms temporarily with a surgical procedure that replaces damaged tissue, but instead seek correction and repair of the underlying biology to regenerate damaged tissue and alleviate their symptoms altogether. Current therapies for patients with cartilage disease or osteoarthritis range from non-surgical intra-articular injections with biologics, such as hyaluronic acid (HA), to total joint arthroplasty for advanced stages of disease. Total joint arthroplasty is a successful procedure for patients aged > 65 years; however, the limited long-term durability of implanted prostheses decreases the preference of using such methods in more active patients aged < 65 years. The potential of cell-based orthobiologic injection therapies (pertaining to therapeutic injectables that aim to restore the biologic environment and/or structural components of diseased or damaged musculoskeletal tissue) is of tremendous interest for younger, more active patients, and is even more appealing in that such therapy can be delivered at point-of-care in the clinic during an office visit. Notably, the exponential rate of progress in biotechnology has allowed for immediate application of myriad novel therapies prior to clear evidence of benefit from randomized clinical trials. Orthobiologic intra-articular injection therapies include HA and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). We report on current, available findings for a third-generation intra-articular orthobiologic injectable therapy for cartilage disease, bone marrow concentrate (BMC). Bone marrow concentrate contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoetic stem cells, platelets (containing growth factors), and cytokines. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) can facilitate regeneration of tissue. Additionally, BMSCs enhance the quality of cartilage repair by increasing aggrecan content and tissue firmness. Following bone marrow aspiration (BMA), BMC is easily prepared using centrifugation, and is available for a same-day procedure with minimal manipulation of cells, thus complying with US Food and Drug Association (FDA) restrictions. To date, there are no published randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of use of autologous BMC intra-articular injections performed as a same-day in-office procedure for treating patients with cartilage disease; however, several publications have reported the ease of use of this method, its strong safety profile, and the fundamental science suggesting great therapeutic potential.

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  • Platelet-rich plasma for managing pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis

    Abstract

    Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease involving joint damage, an inadequate healing response and progressive deterioration of the joint architecture. Autologous blood-derived products such as plateletrich plasma (PRP) are key sources of molecules involved in tissue repair and regeneration. In pathological conditions such as OA, these products can deliver a collection of bioactive molecules that have important roles in fundamental processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis, cell migration and metabolism. PRP has anti-inflammatory properties through its effects on the canonical nuclear factor κB signalling pathway in multiple cell types including synoviocytes, macrophages and chondrocytes. PRP contains thousands of different molecules; cells within the joint add to this milieu by secreting additional biologically active molecules in response to PRP.

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  • Platelet-rich plasma for managing pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis

    Abstract

    Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease involving joint damage, an inadequate healing response and progressive deterioration of the joint architecture. Autologous blood-derived products, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), are key sources of molecules involved in tissue repair and regeneration. These products can deliver a collection of bioactive molecules that have important roles in fundamental processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis, cell migration and metabolism in pathological conditions, such as OA. PRP has anti-inflammatory properties through its effects on the canonical nuclear factor κB signalling pathway in multiple cell types including synoviocytes, macrophages and chondrocytes. PRP contains hundreds of different molecules; cells within the joint add to this milieu by secreting additional biologically active molecules in response to PRP. The net results of PRP therapy are varied and can include angiogenesis, the production of local conditions that favour anabolism in the articular cartilage, or the recruitment of repair cells. However, the molecules found in PRP that contribute to angiogenesis and the protection of joint integrity need further clarification. Understanding PRP in molecular terms could help us to exploit its therapeutic potential, and aid the development of novel treatments and tissue-engineering approaches, for the different stages of joint degeneration.

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  • Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Dextrose Prolotherapy for the Treatment of Chronic Recalcitrant Plantar Fasciitis

    Abstract

    OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) compared with dextrose prolotherapy (DP) in patients with chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis (PF) DESIGN: A single-blinded, randomized, controlled study.

    SETTING: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of a university hospital.

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  • Prolotherapy: a clinical review of its role in treating chronic musculoskeletal pain

    Abstract

    Prolotherapy is a technique that involves the injection of an irritant, usually a hyperosmolar dextrose solution, typically in the treatment of chronic painful musculoskeletal conditions. Despite its long history and widespread use as a form of complementary therapy, there still are disparities over its optimal indications and injection preparations. There are, however, numerous studies available regarding the use and efficacy of prolotherapy for various musculoskeletal conditions. The most frequently published indication is in the treatment of chronic low back pain, but there are recent studies that examined its use in the management of refractory tendinopathies as well as osteoarthritis. There is growing evidence to suggest that prolotherapy may be helpful in treating chronic low back pain when coupled with adjunctive therapies, such as spinal manipulation or corticosteroid injections. There is also evidence to suggest that prolotherapy is effective in treating refractory tendinopathies, particularly for lateral epicondylosis and Achilles tendinopathy. Additional larger, randomized controlled trials are needed to make specific recommendations regarding ideal protocols and indications. There is emerging evidence for the use of prolotherapy as a treatment option for osteoarthritis; however, further studies are needed to conclusively demonstrate its efficacy. Overall, prolotherapy remains a promising option for the treatment of painful musculoskeletal conditions, particularly when other standard treatments have proved ineffective.

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  • Supplementation With Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves the In Vitro Formation of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage With Enhanced Mechanical Properties

    Purpose

    This study aimed to determine the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the histologic, biochemical, and biomechanical properties of tissue-engineered cartilage.

    Methods

    Chondrocytes isolated from bovine metacarpal-phalangeal articular cartilage were seeded on top of a porous ceramic substrate (calcium polyphosphate [CPP]). Cultures were supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), PRP, or platelet-poor plasma (PPP) at 5%. On day 5, the concentration was increased to 20%. PRP and PPP were obtained through centrifugation of whole blood withdrawn from a mature cow. After 2 weeks, samples (n

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  • Oxygen/ozone as a medical gas mixture. A critical evaluation of the various methods clarifies positive and negative aspects

    Abstract

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    Besides oxygen, several other gases such as NO, CO, H2, H2S, Xe and O3 have come to age over the past few years. With regards to O3, its mechanisms of action in medicine have been clarified during the last two decades so that now a comprehensive framework for understanding and recommending ozone therapy in various pathologies is available. O3 used within the determined therapeutic window is absolutely safe and more effective than golden standard medications in numerous pathologies, like vascular diseases. However, ozone therapy is mostly in practitioners\' hands and some recent developments for increasing cost effectiveness and speed of treatment are neither standardized, nor evaluated toxicologically. Hence, the aim of this article is to emphasize the need to objectively assess the pros and cons of oxygen/ozone as a medical gas mixture in the hope that ozone therapy will be accepted by orthodox medicine in the near future.

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  • Biological Augmentation of Meniscus Repair and Restoration

    Abstract

    Meniscus tears in the knee lead to significant pain and disability. The ability of meniscus tears to heal after repair is limited, particularly within the avascular zone. While meniscectomy is a commonly performed and a relatively straightforward treatment option, it is less desirable compared to repair as meniscus deficiency is a predisposing factor for the development of osteoarthritis. Most efforts to augment meniscal repairs in human studies have centered on the use of mechanical stimulation, fibrin clot, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). When meniscal replacement is needed, allograft transplantation is currently the most viable treatment option. Stem cell and growth factor augmentation remain promising alternatives but require further research prior to use in humans.

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  • Regenerative Injection Therapy with Whole Bone Marrow Aspirate for Degenerative Joint Disease: A Case Series

    Abstract

    Regenerative therapeutic strategies for joint diseases usually employ either enriched concentrates of bone marrow-derived stem cells, chondrogenic preparations such as platelet-rich plasma, or irritant solutions such as hyperosmotic dextrose. In this case series, we describe our experience with a simple, cost-effective regenerative treatment using direct injection of unfractionated whole bone marrow (WBM) into osteoarthritic joints in combination with hyperosmotic dextrose. Seven patients with hip, knee or ankle osteoarthritis (OA) received two to seven treatments over a period of two to twelve months. Patient-reported assessments were collected in interviews and by questionnaire. All patients reported improvements with respect to pain, as well as gains in functionality and quality of life. Three patients, including two whose progress under other therapy had plateaued or reversed, achieved complete or near-complete symptomatic relief, and two additional patients achieved resumption of vigorous exercise. These preliminary findings suggest that OA treatment with WBM injection merits further investigation.

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  • Ultrasound Guided Platelet Rich Plasma and Autologous Stem Cells Injections: An Emerging Alternative Treatment for Osteochondral Defects

    Abstract

    Osteochondral defects are a frequent cause of knee pain in the population. The majority of the diagnosed cases of osteochondral defects (OCD) are treated with surgical procedures. However, there are emerging alternative and integrative medicine options which have appeared on the horizon. These alternative treatment options are minimally invasive with a significant cost reduction and the potential for an earlier return on function due to a shorter rehabilitation period. The focus of this report will be to demonstrate the efficacy of Ultrasound (US) guided Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Autologous Stem Cell Injections in the treatment of osteochondral Defects.

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  • Intramuscular oxygen-ozone therapy in the treatment of acute back pain with lumbar disc herniation: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial of active and simulated lumbar paravertebral injection

    Abstract

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    STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter randomized, double-blind, simulated therapy-controlled trial in a cohort of patients with acute low back pain (LBP) due to lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

    OBJECTIVE: To assess the benefit of intramuscular-paravertebral injections of an oxygen-ozone (O2O3) mixture.

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  • Synovial fluid growth factor and cytokine concentrations after intra-articular injection of a platelet-rich product in horses

    Abstract

    Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) products may be useful for treatment of joint disease in horses, but may contain undesirable pro-inflammatory cytokines in addition to growth factors. This study investigated whether autologous PRP increases synovial fluid growth factor and cytokine concentrations when injected into normal equine metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal (fetlock) joints. Fetlock joints of seven healthy horses received one of four treatments: saline, resting PRP, CaCl2-activated PRP or thrombin-activated PRP. Synovial fluid was sampled prior to injection and at 6, 24, 48 and 96  h post-injection. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) concentrations in synovial fluid and PRP were measured by ELISA. Synovial fluid PDGF-BB, TGFβ1, IL-6, TNFα and IL-1 concentrations were also measured in vitro after incubation for 6  h with resting PRP only. Growth factor concentrations, but not cytokine concentrations, were significantly higher in activated PRP than in resting PRP samples. After intra-articular injection with resting or thrombin-activated PRP, synovial TGFβ1 increased significantly compared to baseline levels. TNFα and IL-6 were significantly increased in synovial fluid after thrombin-activated PRP injection. In vitro, growth factor concentrations increased significantly in synovial fluid after mixing with PRP, indicating that exogenous activation of PRP for intra-articular injection may be unnecessary, whereas cytokine levels did not. In conclusion, thrombin-activated PRP induced an inflammatory cytokine response in joints, whereas resting or CaCl2-activated PRP did not. Synovial growth factor levels were low overall; the reported benefits of intra-articular PRP may not be attributable to changes in local PDGF or TGFβ1 concentrations.

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  • Painkilling effect of ozone-oxygen injection on spine and joint osteoarthritis

    Abstract

    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the painkilling effect of ozone-oxygen injection on joint and spine osteoarthritis.

    METHODS: This prospective study was completed at the Ozone Clinic, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates on 220 mainly local patients 122 women, mean age 47.05 years; 98 men, mean age 52.8 years with radiographic documented spine or extremities osteoarthritis. The patients were treated over 3 years September 2002 to August 2005 by ozone-oxygen injection twice a week for at least 12 sessions. Using the 6 faces pain scale; the patients\' pain was recorded at the beginning and at the 4th, 8th, and 12th sessions. They were followed for a mean of 8.48 months and their pain scale was recorded at that time too.

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  • Short-term results of prolotherapy in the management of temporomandibular joint dislocation

    Abstract

    OBJECTIVE: Prolotherapy, the rehabilitation of ligaments or tendons by induced proliferation of cells by using dextrose, is a noninvasive and effective method for the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prolotherapy method for the management of acute or chronic dislocation of TMJ.

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